EMTA 1041 - RN-EMT Accelerated EMT Course
Description
This is an accelerated EMT program utilizing the educational experience already obtained by the student through the RN program and work experience. This is an introductory study to become an Emergency Medical Technician. This program follows both Arkansas State Health Department site accreditation requirements as well as National educational guidelines for EMS as set forth by the Department of Transportation. Didactic course content is available through the Web (www). Lab skills will be obtained by coming to the campus for approximately 8 hours of lab instruction and practice. Upon successful completion of this self-paced class, the applicant will be eligible to sit for the National Registry of EMT state board certification examination, both practical and computer-based written. These exams will be offered at NWACC.
Pre-Requisite
Student has received department permission for this course. Contact the department for information. Note: Students must hold an unencumbered Registered Nurse (RN) license. Documentation of experience in the Emergency Room or Critical Care area of a hospital for a minimum of 2 years. Students must complete the application process for Health Professions EMT program. Must complete paperwork for criminal background check and registration with the Arkansas Department of Health.
1 Credit Hour(s)
Contact Hours
16 contact hours
1 Faculty Load Hour(s)
Semesters Offered
Fall, Spring, Summer
Grade Mode
A-F
Learning Outcomes
· Perform Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation with supplemental Oxygen · Use a Bag-valve-mask on an apneic patient · Master oxygen and ventilation skills · Use of the AED for cardiac arrest victims · Perform Patient Assessment on the Medical and Trauma Patients · Bleeding control and shock management · Immobilization of Joint and long bone injuries · Spinal immobilization sitting and lying · Emergent Child Birth · Control of burns, heat and cold emergencies · Poison, snake bite, and poisonous insect bite control · Elderly and pediatric emergencies situation control · Emergency Scene operation, driving and scene safety
General Education Outcomes Supported
• Students develop higher order thinking skills. • Students can employ a variety of sources to locate, evaluate, and use Information
Standard Practices
Topics: 1. . Define EMS systems. 2. Discuss the four levels of EMT training and licensure. 3. Describe EMT licensure criteria, and understand that the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) applies to employment as an EMT. 4. Discuss the historic background of the development of the EMS system. 5. Describe the levels of EMT training in terms of skill sets needed for each of the following: EMR, EMT, advanced emergency medical technician (AEMT), and paramedic. 6. Understand the possible presence of other first responders at a scene with EMR training, some knowledge of first aid, or merely good intentions, and their need for direction. 7. Name the 14 components of the EMS system. 8. Understand how medical direction of an EMS system works, and the EMT’s role in the process. 9. Discuss the purpose of the EMS continuous quality improvement (CQI) process. 10. Characterize the EMS system’s role in prevention and public education in the community. 11. Describe the roles and responsibilities of the EMT. 12. Describe the attributes that an EMT is expected to possess. 13. Understand the impact of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) on patient privacy. 14. Define infectious disease and communicable disease. 15. Describe the routes of disease transmission. 16. Understand the standard precautions that are used in treating patients to prevent infection. 17. Describe the steps to take for personal protection from airborne and bloodborne pathogens. 18. Understand the mode of transmission and the steps to prevent and/or deal with an exposure to hepatitis, meningitis, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. 19. Understand how immunity to infectious diseases is acquired. 20. Explain postexposure management of exposure to patient blood or body fluids, including completing a postexposure report. 21. Understand the physiologic, physical, and psychological responses to stress. 22. Describe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and steps that can be taken, including critical incident stress management (CISM), to decrease the likelihood that PTSD will develop. 23. State the steps that contribute to wellness and their importance in managing stress. 24. Discuss workplace issues such as cultural diversity, sexual harassment, and substance abuse. 25. Understand the emotional aspects of emergency care. 26. Describe issues concerning care of the dying patient, death, and the grieving process of family members. 27. Understand the care of critically ill and injured patients. 28. Recognize the stress inherent in many situations, such as mass-casualty scenes. 29. Describe the steps necessary to determine scene safety and to prevent work-related injuries at the scene. 30. Discuss the different types of protective clothing worn to prevent injury. 31. Recognize the possibility of violent situations and the steps to take to deal with these situations. 32. Describe how to handle behavioral emergencies. 33. Differentiate expressed consent, implied consent, and involuntary consent. 34. Discuss the giving of consent by minors for treatment or transport. 35. Describe local EMS system protocols for using forcible restraint. 36. Discuss the EMT’s role and obligations if a patient refuses treatment or transport. 37. Understand that communication with patients is confidential, protected by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). 38. Discuss the importance of do not resuscitate (DNR) orders (advance directives) and provisions in the locality regarding EMS application. 39. Describe the physical, presumptive, and definitive signs of death. 40. Understand that organ donors are treated the same way as any other patients needing treatment and that local protocols are followed with such patients. 41. Recognize the importance of medical identification insignia in treating the patient. 42. Understand the scope of practice and standards of care. 43. Describe the EMT’s legal duty to act. 44. Discuss the issues of negligence, abandonment, assault and battery, and kidnapping and their implications for the EMT. 45. Explain the reporting requirements for special situations, including abuse, drug- or felony-related injuries, childbirth, and crime scenes. 46. Define ethics and morality, and discuss their implications for the EMT. 47. Understand the role and comportment of the EMT in court. 48. Describe factors and strategies to consider for therapeutic communication with patients. 49. Discuss the techniques of effective verbal communication. 50. Explain the skills used to communicate with family members, bystanders, people from other agencies, and hospital personnel. 51. Understand special considerations in communicating with older people, children, hearing-impaired patients, visually impaired patients, and non- English-speaking patients. 52. Describe the use of written communication and documentation. 53. Identify the information required in a patient care report (PCR). 54. Explain the legal implications of the patient care report. 55. Understand how to document refusal of care, including the legal implications. 56. Discuss state and/or local special reporting requirements, such as for gunshot wounds, dog bites, and abuse. 57. Understand the basic principles of the various types of communications equipment used in EMS. 58. Describe the use of radio communications, including the proper methods of initiating and terminating a radio call. 59. List the correct radio procedures in the following phases of a typical call: initial receipt of call, en route to call, on scene, arrival at hospital (or point of transfer), and return to service. 60. Give the proper sequence of information to communicate in radio delivery of a patient report. 61. Understand the body’s topographic anatomy, including the anatomic position and the planes of the body. 62. Explain the following directional terms: anterior (ventral), posterior (dorsal), right, left, superior, inferior, proximal, distal, medial, lateral, superficial, and deep. 63. Describe the prone, supine, Fowler’s, Trendelenburg’s, and shock positions of the body. 64. Identify the anatomy and physiology of the skeletal system. 65. Describe the physiology of the musculoskeletal system. 66. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. 67. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the circulatory system. 68. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. 69. Describe the anatomy and the physiology of the integumentary system. 70. Explain the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system. 71. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system. 72. Describe the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. 73. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the genital system. 74. Describe the life support chain, aerobic metabolism, and anaerobic metabolism. 75. Define pathophysiology. 76. Understand the terms used to designate the following stages of life: infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, adolescents (teenagers), early adults, middle adults, and late adults. 77. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of an infant’s life. 78. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of a toddler and preschooler’s life 79. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of a schoolage child’s life. 80. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of an adolescent’s life. 81. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of an early adult’s life. 82. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of a middle adult’s life. 83. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of a late adult’s life. Explain the actions of medications on the body, and define the terms pharmacodynamics, intended effects, and indications 84. Explain and give examples of medication contraindications, and define the terms side effects, unintended effects, and untoward effects. 85. Discuss the differences between a generic medication name and a trade medication name, and provide an example of each. 86. Describe the enteral and parenteral routes of medication administration, and explain how they differ 87. Describe the following routes of medication administration and discuss their individual rates of absorption: rectal, oral, intravenous, intraosseous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, inhalation, sublingual, and transcutaneous. 88. Explain the solid, liquid, and gas forms of medication, provide examples of each, and discuss how the form of a medication dictates its route of administration 89. Explain the “six rights” of medication administration, and describe how each one relates to EMS. 90. Describe the role of medical direction in medication administration, and explain the difference between direct orders (online) and standing orders (off-line). 91. Discuss the circumstances surrounding the administration of medication, including peer-assisted medication, patient-assisted medication, and EMT-administered medication. 92. Give the generic and trade names, actions, indications, contraindications, routes of administration, side effects, interactions, and doses of 10 medications that may be administered by an EMT in an emergency as dictated by state protocols and local medical direction. 93. Describe the medication administration considerations that must be applied to special populations, including pediatric, geriatric, and pregnant patients 94. Describe the steps an EMT should follow when dispensing epinephrine to a patient using an auto-injector. 95. Explain why determining what prescription and OTC medications a patient is taking is a critical aspect of patient assessment during an emergency. 96. Identify the components of the patient assessment process, and explain how the different causes and presentations of emergencies will affect how each step is performed by the EMT. 97. Discuss some of the possible environmental, chemical, and biologic hazards that may be present at an emergency scene, ways to recognize them, and precautions to protect personal safety.) 98. Discuss the steps EMTs should take to survey a scene for signs of violence and to protect themselves and bystanders from real or potential danger. 99. Describe how to determine the mechanism of injury (MOI) or nature of illness (NOI) at an emergency and the importance of differentiating trauma patients from medical patients. 100. List the minimum standard precautions that should be followed and personal protective equipment (PPE) that should be worn at an emergency scene, including examples of when additional precautions would be appropriate. 101. Explain why it is important for EMTs to identify the total number of patients at an emergency scene and how this evaluation relates to determining the need for additional or specialized resources, implementation of the incident command system (ICS), and triage. ( 102. Describe the principal goals of the primary assessment process: to identify and treat life threats and to determine if immediate transport is required. 103. Explain the process of forming a general impression of a patient as part of primary assessment and the reasons why this step is critical to patient management. 104. Explain the importance of assessing a patient’s level of consciousness (LOC) to determine altered mental status, and give examples of different methods used to assess alertness, responsiveness, and orientation 105. Describe the assessment of airway status in patients who are both responsive and unresponsive, and give examples of possible signs and causes of airway obstruction in each case as well as the appropriate EMT response 106. Describe the assessment of a patient’s breathing status, including the key information the EMT must obtain during this process and the care required for patients who have both adequate and inadequate breathing. 107. List the signs of respiratory distress and respiratory failure. 108. Describe the assessment of a patient’s circulatory status, including the different methods for obtaining a pulse and appropriate management depending on the patient’s status. 109. Explain the variations required to obtain a pulse in infant and child patients as compared with adult patients. 110. Describe the assessment of a patient’s skin color, temperature, and condition, providing examples of both normal and abnormal findings and the information this provides related to the patient’s status. 111. Discuss the process of assessing for and methods for controlling external bleeding. 112. Discuss the steps used to identify and subsequently treat life-threatening conditions that endanger a patient during an emergency 113. List the steps the EMT should follow during the rapid scan of a trauma patient, including examples of abnormal signs and appropriate related actions. 114. Explain the process for determining the priority of patient care and transport at an emergency scene, and give examples of conditions that necessitate immediate transport 115. Discuss the importance of protecting a trauma patient’s spine and identifying fractured extremities during patient packaging for transport. 116. Discuss the process of taking a focused history, its key components, and its relationship to the primary assessment process. 117. Describe examples of different techniques an EMT may use to obtain information from patients during the history-taking process. 118. Discuss different challenges EMTs may face when taking a patient history on sensitive topics and strategies they may use to facilitate each situation. 119. Explain the purpose of performing a physical exam during secondary assessment, its components, special patient considerations, and methods for determining which aspects of the physical examination will be used. 120. Describe the purpose of a full-body scan, and list the steps used during this process. 121. Explain situations in which patients may receive a focused assessment, and then give examples by body system of what each focused assessment should include based on a patient’s chief complaint 122. List normal blood pressure ranges for adults, children, and infants. 123. Explain the importance of performing a reassessment of the patient and the steps in this process) 124. Describe the major structures of the respiratory system. 125. Discuss the physiology of breathing. 126. Give the signs of adequate breathing. 127. Give the signs of inadequate breathing. 128. Describe the assessment and care of a patient with apnea. 129. Understand how to assess for adequate and inadequate respiration, including the use of pulse oximetry. 130. Understand how to assess for a patent airway. 131. Describe how to perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver. 132. Describe how to perform the jaw-thrust maneuver. 133. Explain how to measure and insert an oropharyngeal (oral) airway. 134. Describe how to measure and insert a nasopharyngeal (nasal) airway. 135. Understand the importance and techniques of suctioning. 136. Explain the use of the recovery position to maintain a clear airway. 137. Describe the importance of giving supplemental oxygen to patients who are hypoxic. ( 138. Understand the basics of how oxygen is stored and the various hazards associated with its use. 139. Describe the use of a nonrebreathing mask, and state the oxygen flow requirements for its use. Understand the indications for using a nasal cannula rather than a nonrebreathing face mask. 140. Describe the indications for use of a humidifier during supplemental oxygen therapy. 141. Explain the steps to take to perform mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-mask ventilation. 142. Describe the use of a one-, two-, or three-person bag-mask device, and a manually triggered ventilation (MTV) device. 143. Describe the signs associated with adequate and inadequate artificial ventilation. 144. Describe the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). 145. Understand how to recognize and care for a foreign body airway obstruction. 146. Understand the pathophysiology of shock (hypoperfusion). 147. Recognize the causes of shock. 148. Describe the various types of shock. 149. Describe the signs and symptoms of shock. 150. Discuss patient assessment for shock. 151. Describe the steps to follow in the emergency care of the patient with signs and symptoms of shock. 152. Explain the elements of BLS, how it differs from advanced life support (ALS), and the urgency surrounding its rapid application. 153. Explain the goals of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and when it should be performed on a patient. 154. Explain the system components of CPR, the links in the American Heart Association chain of survival, and how each one relates to maximizing the survival of a patient. 155. Discuss guidelines for circumstances that require the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) on both adult and pediatric patients experiencing cardiac arrest. 156. Explain three special situations related to the use of automated external defibrillation. 157. Describe the proper way to position an adult patient to receive BLS. 158. Describe the two techniques an EMT may use to open an adult patient’s airway and the circumstances that would determine when each technique would be used. 159. Describe the recovery position and circumstances that would warrant its use as well as situations in which it would be contraindicated. 160. Describe the process of providing artificial ventilations to an adult patient using a barrier device, ways to avoid gastric distention, and modifications required for a patient with a stoma. 161. Describe the purpose of external chest compressions. 162. Explain the steps in providing one-rescuer adult CPR. 163. Explain the steps in providing two-rescuer adult CPR, including the method for switching positions during the process. 164. Describe the different mechanical devices that are available to assist emergency responders in delivering improved circulatory efforts during CPR. 165. Describe the different possible causes of cardiopulmonary arrest in children. 166. Explain the four steps of pediatric BLS procedures and how they differ from procedures used in an adult patient. 167. Describe the ethical issues related to patient resuscitation, providing examples of when not to start CPR on a patient. 168. Explain the various factors involved in the decision to stop CPR once it has been started on a patient. 169. Explain common causes of foreign body airway obstruction in both children and adults and how to distinguish mild or partial airway obstruction from complete airway obstruction. 170. Describe the different methods for removing a foreign body airway obstruction in an infant, child, and adult, including the procedure for a patient with an obstruction who becomes unconscious.
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